Bulgarian Air Force

Operator Profile
Su-25K serial 196 (photo via Chris Remy)
Current Title: Bulgarski Voennovazdushni Sili
Title in English: Bulgarian Air Force
Abbreviation: BVVS

History

Narrative Summary:
Air Force History

Key Dates:
20 April 1906*    Aeronautical Platoon established to operate balloons
July 1912*    First Army pilots return from training in France
13 August 1912*    Simeon Petrov becomes first Bulgar to pilot an aeroplane over Bulgaria
16 October 1912*    First combat operations by Bulgarian aircraft
2 November 1912*    First Aeroplane Platoon retrospectively authorised
27 September 1915*    First fighter aircraft (3 x Fokker E.III) delivered
2 October 1915*    Bulgaria enters First World War on the side of Germany
21 April 1916    First aerial combat using aircraft mounted guns
30 September 1916    Fokker E.III shoots down intruder near Sofia – first aerial victory
2 April 1917    Albatros C.III shot down – first combat loss to enemy fighters
29 September 1918    Bulgaria surrenders to the Allies
27 November 1919    Treaty of Neuilly bans all Bulgarian aviation
late December 1920    Disbanding of Army Aviation Corps completed
25 January 1921    Gendarmerie Air Squadron established
30 March 1922    Gendarmerie Air Squadron disbanded
1923    Bulgarian civil aviation approved by International Aviation Convention
1927    Three clandestine military air squadrons established
1930    Aeronautical Regiment formed to control military aviation
28 July 1934    Royal Bulgarian Air Force (Vazdushni Voyski = Air Army) established
1937    Neuilly Treaty restrictions abandoned – rapid expansion of Air Force initiated
30 May 1940    Air Force becomes an independent armed service
2 March 1941    German 12th Army and Fliegerkorps VIII move into Bulgaria
late April 1941    Air units support Bulgarian army occupation of Macedonia
1 August 1943    First major Allied air raid to pass through Bulgarian airpace
14 November 1943    First major Allied air raid on Sofia
26 August 1944    Bulgaria declares neutrality in Russo-German war
9 September 1944    Air operations against German forces begin
2 December 1944    Combat air operations over Yugoslavia cease
1945    First Soviet aircraft delivered
1953    First jet fighters delivered
1961    Bulgarian Air Force renamed PVOiVVS (Air Defence and Air Force)
1992    Bulgarian Air Force renamed Bulgarski Voennovazdushni Sili (BVVS)
Sept 1994    Regiment-based organisation replaced by one centred on air bases

* Julian calendar dates (13 days behind Gregorian calendar).


Current Status:
A major rationalisation of the Air Force, called Plan 2004, is currently being enacted, which will reduce it’s size from 465 aircraft to 218. Aircraft serviceability continues to be a serious problem, with many aircraft grounded.

Future Plans:
Air bases at Kamenetz, Bezmier and Graf Ignatievo to be upgraded with funding from NATO.
Six MiG-29s are receiving an avionics upgrade by a MiG/Thales team to make them NATO compatible.
Eight Su-25s are to receive a similar upgrade to make them compatible with NATO.
A contract for 12-20 new fighters is expected to be placed 2005-2007.

Markings


National Insignia:
Current — Historical

Aircraft Serial Numbering System(s):
1912-1915
1915-1919
1925-1937
1937-1947
1947-Present

Unit/Base Aircraft Code System(s):
Coding system not used

Aircraft


Aircraft Designation System(s):
To be added.

Current Aircraft Inventory:
Table of Current Service Aircraft

All-Time Aircraft Used List:
Alphabetical Order — Chronological Order

Aircraft NOT Used:
False reports of aircraft on order or in service

Organisation


Main Headquarters:
To be added.

Current Organisational Structure:
On 1st June 2003 the Bulgarian armed forces introduced some organisational changes. The BVVS is now organised into an Air Defence Command and a Tactical Air Command.

Current Order of Battle:
Table of Current Order of Battle

Historical Orders of Battle:
List of Historical Orders of Battle

All-Time Flying Units List:
List of Bulgarian AF Units

Air Bases


Current Air Bases:
Table of Current Air Bases

All-Time Air Bases Used List:
Military Air Bases Listing

More Information

Books:

‘Air Power of the Kingdom of Bulgaria – Parts I/II/III/IV’
by Dimitar Nedialkov
Published by Fark Ood, Sofia, 2001 ISBN: –
* Dual English-Bulgarian text history of the Bulgarian AF 1906-1945.

‘Aerospace Encyclopedia of World Air Forces’ [Order this book from Amazon UK]
by David Willis
Published by Aerospace Publishing, 1999 ISBN: 1 86184 045 4
* Two-and-a-half page entry on Bulgaria.

‘European Air Arms 2002’ [Order this book from Amazon UK]
by Ian Carroll
Published by Mach III Plus, July 2002 ISBN: 1 898129 73 8
* Brief Order of Battle and current aircraft serials listing.

Magazines:

World Air Power Journal, Volume 36 [Order this book from Amazon UK]
Published by Aerospace Publishing Ltd, spring 1999 ISBN: 1 86184 027 6
* Includes very detailed 15-page feature on current Bulgarian military aviation.

Scramble, 237 – February 1999
Published by Dutch Aviation Society

Videos:
None known.

Websites:

Bulgarian Military Aviation
(Bulgarian aviation history, aircraft, markings, aces etc. Some good photos.)

Bulgarian Air Force
(Website with details of aircraft types used and excellent photos)

Bulgarian Military Page
(Ground and Air Force information)

Current Aircraft Inventory
Bulgarian Air Force

Aircraft Type Total Del’d Total Active Still on Order Role
MiG-29A/UB Fulcum A 18/4 15/4 0 Interception/Training
MiG-21bis Fishbed 76 4 0 Interception
MiG-21UM Mongol 33 3 0 Training
Sukhoi Su-25K/25UBK 36/6 12/4 0 Attack/Training
Aero L-39ZA Albatross 36 3 0 Training
Pilatus PC-9M 6 5 0 Training
Alenia C-27J Spartan 3 2 0 Transport
An-26 Curl 6 6 0 Transport
An-30 Clank 1 1 0 Recce./Transport
An-2 Colt ? 2 0 Transport
Pilatus PC-12 1 1 0 Transport
Let L-410UVP-E 8 8 0 Transport
Mil Mi-24D Hind 38 17 0 Assault
Mil Mi-24V Hind 6 5 0 Assault
Mil Mi-17/17PP Hip 25/4 4 0 Transport
Eurocopter AS 532AL Cougar 12 12 2 Transport
Bell 206B JetRanger III 6 6 0 Liaison/Training

Slovak Air Force

Operator Profile

History

Narrative Summary

During the ‘velvet divorce’ of 1993, the existing Czechoslovak air force (Ceskoslovenske Vojenske Letectvo) was divided up in the ratio two to one in favour of the Czech Republic, based on population ratio, except for the MiG-29s which were divided equally, and the MiG-23s which all went to the Czech Republic Air Force. Since most of the key air force facilities and aircraft had been located in the portion of Czecholovakia which faced the NATO alliance, i.e. the Czech Republic, the Slovaks initially faced several problems in organising the new air force. These included establishing a new control and communications system, redeploying personnel and equipment to new locations, and upgrading the existing air base infrastructure to cope with the sudden influx from the west. On 1 March 1995 the air force completed the introduction of a western-style organisational structure, featuring Squadrons and Wings rather than the previous Soviet system based on Aviation Regiments. Initially known as Letectva a Protivzdu Obrany-Snej Slovenskej – LVPOS (Slovak Air Force and Air Defence Force), it was renamed to its present title on 1st January 2002.

Key Dates:

Key Dates:
1 January 1993    Slovakian Air Force established
1 January 2002    Air Force renamed Armady Slovenskej Republiky Velitelstvo Vzdusnych Sil

Current Status

To be added

Future Plans

Procurement of 18 multi-role fighter aircraft – candidates are used F-16A/Bs or new F-16s or Gripens.
Procurement of 6-10 new trainer/light attack aircraft – candidates include Hawk, L-159, MB339 and M346.

Markings

National Insignia

National Markings

Aircraft Serial Numbers

Slovakian military aircraft carry four-digit numerical serials, usually based on the airframe construction number, e.g. Mi-24D ‘0101’.

Aircraft

Aircraft Designations

None – Manufacturers designations used.

Current Aircraft Inventory

Table of Current Service Aircraft

All-Time Aircraft Used List

All-Time Table of Aircraft Used

Aircraft NOT Used

False reports of aircraft on order or in service

Organisation

Main Headquarters

Trencin.

Organisational Structure

he air force was organised into three role specific Wings, each with between two and four Squadrons or Flights.

Current Order of Battle

Table of Current Order of Battle

Historical Orders of Battle

List of Historical Orders of Battle – to be added.

All-Time Flying Units List

To be added.

Air Bases

Current Air Bases

The main air bases are Sliac, Malacky-Kuchyna and Presov.

All-Time Air Bases Used List

In addition to the main bases, some older bases have been closed and there are also a number of smaller airports and airfields around the country which are sometimes used by the Air Force.
Military Air Bases Listing – to be added.

More Information

Books

Slovakian Military Aviation Bibliography – to be added.

Magazines

World Air Power Journal No.25 p.151
Air Forces Monthly September 1996
Scramble No.209 October 1996
Scramble No.235 December 1998
Scramble No.244 September 1999

Websites

Official Slovak Air Force webpage

wikipedia: Slovak Air Force

PlanePictures.net

Airliners.net

Air-Britain Photos: Slovakian Air Force

Scramble: Slovakia

1st Fighter Squadron, Sliac

National Markings
Slovak Air Force

This section describes and illustrates the various national insignia used by the Slovak Air Force since its formation:




Main Marking

Low Visibility Variation

1993-present
The main marking is displayed on the fuselage sides of the helicopters, and above and below each wing and on the fin on aircraft. Aircraft do not carry service titles.

Current Order of Battle
Slovak Air Force

Wing Squadron Type Base
Smiesane Kridlo Otta Smika 1. Stihaci Letka MiG-29AS, MiG-29UBS Sliac
2. Stihaci Letka L-39CM, L-39ZAM Sliac
Vyhl’adavacia a zachranna sluzba (SAR det.) Mi-17 Sliac
Dopravne kridlo generala Milana Rastislava Stefanika 1 Dopravná Roj An-26 Malacky-Kuchyna
2 Dopravná Roj L-410 Malacky-Kuchyna
Vrtulnikove kridlo generalplukovnika Jana Ambrusa 2. Dopravna Vrtulnikova Letka Mi-17 Presov
3. Vycikova Vrtulnikova Letka Mi-2 Presov

Letka = Squadron.
Roj = Flight.

 

Aircraft Not Used
Slovak Air Force

This page gives details of some of the aircraft types that were offered or promised to the Slovak Air Force but not delivered, cancelled official orders, and types have been falsely reported as being in service.

Kamov Ka-50 Hokum
Reported interest in the Ka-50 has not resulted in a confirmed order so far.

Mil Mi-35 Hind
The only Hinds used have been ex-Czechoslovak Mi-24s.

Yakovlev Yak-130
Reported interest in the Yak-130 has not resulted in a confirmed order so far.

Zlin 142
1 reported in use in 1995. None actually used.

Zlin 326
15 reported in use in 1995. None actually used.

All-Time Aircraft Used List
Slovak Air Force

Aircraft Type Quantity Service Entry Out of Service Origin
Aero L-29 Delfin 53 1993 2002 Czechoslovakia
Aero L-39 Albatros 35 1993 current Czechoslovakia
Alenia C-27J Spartan 3 20?? current Italy
Antonov An-12 Cub 1 1993 1998 Czechoslovakia
Antonov An-24 Coke 3 1993 2006 Czechoslovakia
Antonov An-26 Curl 2 1993 current Czechoslovakia
LET L-410 Turbolet 10 1993 current Czechoslovakia
Mikoyan MiG-21F-13 Fishbed 24 1993 1993 Czechoslovakia
Mikoyan MiG-21PF Fishbed 3 1993 1993 Czechoslovakia
Mikoyan MiG-21PFM Fishbed 11 1993 1993 Czechoslovakia
Mikoyan MiG-21R Fishbed 8 1993 1994 Czechoslovakia
Mikoyan MiG-21MA/MF Fishbed 51 1993 2002 Czechoslovakia
Mikoyan MiG-21US/UM Mongol 16 1993 2002 Czechoslovakia
Mikoyan MiG-29 Fulcrum A 21 1993 current Czechoslovakia
Mikoyan MiG-29 Fulcrum B 3 1993 current Czechoslovakia
Mil Mi-2 Hoplite 24 1993 current Czechoslovakia
Mil Mi-8 Hip 13 1993 2014 Czechoslovakia
Mil Mi-17 Hip 20 1993 current Czechoslovakia
Mil Mi-24 Hind 21 1993 2011 Czechoslovakia
Schweizer 269 2 2005 20?? USA
Sukhoi Su-7 Fitter 13 1993 1993 Czechoslovakia
Sukhoi Su-22M-4 Fitter K 18 1993 2002 Czechoslovakia
Sukhoi Su-22UM-3K Fitter G 3 1993 2002 Czechoslovakia
Sukhoi Su-25K Frogfoot 12 1993 2002 Czechoslovakia
Sukhoi Su-25UBK Frogfoot 1 1993 2002 Czechoslovakia
Tupolev Tu-154 Careless 2 1993 1998 Czechoslovakia
Yakovlev Yak-40 Codling 1 1993 1996? Czechoslovakia

Current Aircraft Inventory
Slovak Air Force

Aircraft Type Total Del’d Total Active Still on Order Role
Mikoyan-Gurevitch MiG-29 Fulcrum-A 21/td>

9 0 Fighter-Bomber
Mikoyan-Gurevitch MiG-29UB Fulcrum-B 3 2 0 trainer
LET L-410 Turbolet 1 1 0 Reconnaissance
Antonov An-26 2 2 0 Transport
Alenia C-27J Spartan 0 0 3 Transport
LET L-410 Turbolet 6 6 0 Transport
Mil Mi-2 3 3 0 Utility
Mil Mi-17 ‘Hip’ 14 14 0 Utility
Aero L-39 Albatros 10 10 0 Trainer/Attack

 

Austrian Air Force

Operator Profile

History

Narrative Summary

Following the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a German-Austrian Flying Troop (Deutschösterreichische Fliegertruppe) was founded as an air policing service, with ex-wartime crews and aircraft. In 1919 the DF was ordered to be disbanded by the Allied Control Commission. On 1 April 1936 the Austrian Republic regained full sovereignty, although it was still prohibited from having any military aircraft. Even so, the Austrian Army quickly set up an Air Force. On 13 March 1938 Austria was incorporated into Germany, and the Air Force merged with the Luftwaffe. On 15 May 1955 Austria was re-established as a sovereign state. The present Air Force was formed in the same year.

Key Dates:
13 September 1955    Army air section formed
9 December 1955    Austrian Air Force re-established
1956    First helicopters received – AB47G
1957    First jet aircraft delivered – Vampire T.55

Current Status

To be added

Future Plans

A replacement for the Eurofighter Typhoon may be obtained, which could also replace the SAAB 105s.

Markings

National Insignia

National Markings

Aircraft Serial Numbers

Austrian aircraft serials are number/letter codes, where the first combination appears to indicate the aircraft type, and the second combination is the individual identity, eg: AB212 serial 5D-HB. The type codes are reused when an aircraft type is retired. Fighter aircraft (except the Typhoon) use a coloured letter system, where the colour indicates the parent squadron of the aircraft.

Aircraft

Aircraft Designations

None – Manufacturers designations used.

Current Aircraft Inventory

Table of Current Service Aircraft

All-Time Aircraft Used List

All-Time Table of Aircraft Used

Aircraft NOT Used

False reports of aircraft on order or in service

Organisation

Main Headquarters

Ministry of Defence, Hütteldorfstrasse 126, Vienna A-1142.

Organisational Structure

The air force is organised into three Kommando (Commands) – Air Surveillance, Training and Air Support – each comprising one or two Wings with between two and four Squadrons each.

Current Order of Battle

Table of Current Order of Battle

Historical Orders of Battle

List of Historical Orders of Battle – to be added.

All-Time Flying Units List

To be added.

Air Bases

Current Air Bases

The main air bases currently used are Tulln/Langenlebarn, Zeltweg, Aigen im Ennstal and Linz/Horsching. In addition, aircraft are detached from the parent units to another two air bases.

All-Time Air Bases Used List

In addition to the main bases, there are also a number of smaller airports and airfields around the country which are sometimes used by the Air Force.
Military Air Bases Listing – to be added.

More Information

Books

Austrian Military Aviation Bibliography – to be added.

Magazines

World Air Power Journal No.5 p.141
World Air Power Journal No.15 p.120
Air Forces Research Nos.2 and 3
Air International July 1995
Air Forces Monthly August 1997

Websites

Austrian Air Force Photo Feature

The Official Austrian Air Force Website

wikipedia: Austrian Air Force

wikipedia.de: Luftstreitkräfte (Bundesheer)

Scramble: Austrian Air Force

Airpower.at

PlanePictures.net

Airliners.net

National Markings
Austrian Air Force

This section describes and illustrates the various national insignia used by the Austrian Air Force since its formation:



  
Main Marking

1955-present
The main marking is displayed on the fuselage sides of the helicopters, and in the standard six positions on aircraft. A fin flash is not carried. Aircraft do not carry service titles.