Created in 1831 as a neutral buffer state between France and Germany. Population comprises Flemish (Dutch) and Walloon (French) speaking minorities. Invaded by Germany 4 August 1914 and partially occupied until 1918. Unoccupied portion became member of Allied coalition in First World War. Invaded by Germany 10 May 1940 and surrended 18 days later. Occupied until liberation by Allies September 1944.
Founder member of Western European Union in 1945. Founder member of NATO on 4 April 1949. African colony of Belgian Congo given independence in 1960. Intervened militarily in former colony (now Zaire) in early 1970's. Founder member of European Community in 1957. Official titles are presented in the order Flemish/French, since Flemish speakers make up the majority of the population