Serbia Key Dates
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Serbia & Yugoslavia

Key Dates


1st C. AD    Roman territory of Dalmatia established.
7th C. AD    Slav tribes from the Carpathian region invade Dalmatia and settle the region.
9th C. AD    Serbs converted to Orthodox Christianity. Area comes under the control of the Byzantine Empire.
11th C. AD    Serbs revolt against Byzantium and form first Serb kingdom.
1103    Croatia falls under Austro-Hungarian control after the last Croatian king, Peter, was killed in the battle on Gvozd mountain.
1169    Start of major territorial expansion by Serbia under Nemanjic ruling dynasty.
1331    Serbia has now become the leading power in the Balkans.
June 1389    Battle of Kosovo Polje against Ottoman Turks - Serbia decisively defeated. Southern Serbia occupied by the Turks, but Montenegro gains independence from Serbia.
1459    Remaining Serbian territory absorbed into Ottoman Empire.
late 13th C.    Most of Slovenia falls under Austro-Hungarian control.
1804-13    Serbs revolt against Turkish control.
1815-17    Second Serbian revolt against Turkish control.
1829    Autonomy granted to Serbia by Ottoman Turkey after Russo-Turkish War.
1867    Withdrawal of Turkish garrisons from Serbia.
1875    Rebellion by Christians in neighbouring Bosnia and Hercegovina against their Turkish rulers.
1876-78    Serbo-Turkish war. Serbia and Montenegro attack Ottoman Empire to help Bosnians but only win with Russian help.
13 July 1878    Serbia & Montenegro gain formal independence from Turkey at Congress of Berlin.
March 1882    Serbia becomes a kingdom.
1885    Austro-Hungarian Empire given mandate to occupy Bosnia & Hercegovina - despite protests from Serbia.
1885-1886    Serbo-Bulgarian War over Bulgarian annexation of Rumelia. Serbia defeated.
1903    Serbian military coup establishes constitutional monarchy.
1908    Austro-Hungary annexes Bosnia & Hercegovina.
1910    Montenegro proclaimed a kingdom.
1912    Creation of Balkan League by Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria and Greece.
1912    First Balkan War - Balkan League attempts to liberate Macedonia from Turkish control.
1913    Second Balkan War - Serbia gains control of much of Macedonia and Old Serbia.
28 June 1914    Bosnian-Serb Gavrilo Princep assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand - heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne - in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Hercegovina. Austro-Hungary (A-H) issues an ultimatum to Serbia, demanding an investigation by A-H officials, which Serbia refused.
28 July 1914    Austro-Hungarian ultimatum expires and so war is declared on Serbia. Start of First World War as Russia, France and the UK side with Serbia, and Germany and Ottoman Turkey side with Austria.
1915-18    Montenegro invaded and occupied by Austro-Hungarian army.
November 1915    Serbia defeated and occupied by Bulgarian army.
20 July 1917    Exiled South Slavic Committee for National Unity calls for establishment of pan-Slavic state.
1 December 1918    'Triune Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes' created from chaos following Austrian and Turkish defeat in First World War.
1919-24    Dispute with Italy over Fiume (now Rijeka).
6 January 1929    Kingdom renamed 'Yugoslavia' and becomes royal dictatorship.
9 October 1934    King assassinated by Croatian separatists and pro-German regent takes control.
1937    Tito becomes leader of Yugoslav Communist party.
26 August 1939    Agreement reached to give Croatia autonomy - except in defence and foreign affairs.
25 March 1941    Yugoslavia signs Axis Tripartite Pact supporting Nazi Germany.
27 March 1941    Regent deposed in military coup organised by Air Force officers led by General Dusan Simovic. At the same time, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had independently organised demonstrations against the Tripartite Pact. Neutrality is proclaimed.
6 April 1941    Germany invades Yugoslavia from bases in Italy, Hungary and Bulgaria.
1941    Many Croats and Slovenes support German occupation. Chetniks (Serbian Royalists) and Partisans (communists) form rival resistance groups which fight the occupation and each other.
1941    Puppet states of Croatia and Serbia created under German control.
late 1943    Allies begin support of Partisans led by Marshal Tito. (The only resistance group with supporters in all regions of Yugoslavia)
1944    Tito's Partisans liberate much of Yugoslavia with help from the Allies.
15 May 1945    Yugoslavia completely liberated by Partisans - six days after Germany's surrender, because some units of German and quisling forces refused to surrender earlier.
29 November 1945    Tito becomes Prime Minister after one-party elections.
31 January 1946    New constitution establishes 'Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia'. Monarchy abolished and Soviet-style government established. Serbian provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina created and given limited autonomy.
June 1948    Yugoslavia 'ex-communicated' by Soviet bloc.
14 January 1953    Tito becomes the country's first president.
1963    Country renamed 'Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia'.
February 1974    New constitution decentralises government. Kosovo and Vojvodina given substantial autonomy within Serbia.
4 May 1980    Marshal Tito dies. He is succeeded by a collective presidency.
March-April 1981    Rioting among Kosovo Albanians demanding an independent republic - state of emergency fails to halt violent campaign.
1987-88    Severe financial crisis sparks widespread anti-government protests. Slobodan Milosevic, head of the Belgrade communists, becomes head of the Serbian communists instead Ivan Stambolic.
22 January 1990    Communist Party renounces it's monopoly on political power. Communist Party of Serbia renamed Socialist Party of Serbia, and Serbian Constitution changed to remove autonomy of Kosovo and Vojvodina.
July 1990    Serb Police crackdown on unrest in Kosovo after autonomy ends.
9 December 1990    Multi-party and Presidential elections held. Slobodan Milosevic elected president of Serbia.
25 June 1991    Secession of Croatia and Slovenia. Serbian dominated Federal Army fails to stop secession but occupies one third of Croatian territory.
6 April 1992    Bosnia-Hercegovina becomes independent.
17 April 1992    New constitution creates 'Federal Republic of Yugoslavia' (FRY), representing Serbia & Montenegro
30 May 1992    UN accuses FRY of fuelling the ethnic conflict in Bosnia and imposes sanctions.
May-August 1995    Croatia re-takes Serbian-held territory inside its borders.
14 December 1995    Dayton peace agreement signed by leaders of Serbia, Bosnia and Croatia.
1 October 1996    UN sanctions formally lifted.
1997    Milosevic becomes Federal President.
late 1997    Ethnic Albanian guerillas step-up attacks on Serbs in Kosovo.
March 1999    'Ethnic cleansing' in Kosovo by Serbian units causes mass exodus of refugees. NATO begins air strikes on FRY.
27 May 1999    Yugoslav AA defences shoot down a Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk stealth fighter over Budjanovci, near the city of Ruma.
June 1999    FRY agrees to withdraw Serbian forces from Kosovo. KFOR moves in as international peacekeeping force.
5 October 2000    Slobodan Milosevic overthrown in popular uprising following rigged elections.
November 2000    Yugoslavia rejoins UN and OSCE.
June 2001    Slobodan Milosevic extradited to war crimes tribunal in The Hague. Political rift opens between sections of the new government over Milosevic's handling.
February 2002    Milosevic put on trial for war crimes at the International Criminal Tribunal in The Hague.
March 2002    Serbia and Montenegro agree to scrap 'Federal Republic of Yugoslavia' in favour of a looser 'Union of Serbia & Montenegro'.
4 February 2003    Yugoslav parliament approves new constitutional charter for 'Union of Serbia & Montenegro'.
12 March 2003    Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic assassinated. Organised crime gangs with links to Milosevic are blamed.
March 2004    Serious clashes between Serbs and ethnic Albanians in Kosovo after violence erupts in Mitrovica.
3 June 2006    Montenegro declares independence from Serbia.


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First Created: 17 February 2003 - Last Revised: 28 October 2006
Copyright © 2003 John Hayles.     e-mail: john@aeroflight.co.uk